LL-37

LL-37 is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that forms part of the human innate immune system. This 37-amino acid peptide is derived from the C-terminal of the human cathelicidin protein hCAP18 and is produced by various cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells of the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal system. LL-37 has powerful antimicrobial properties against bacteria, viruses, and fungi by disrupting their membrane integrity. Beyond direct antimicrobial actions, LL-37 modulates immune responses, promotes wound healing by enhancing cell migration and angiogenesis, and has anti-inflammatory properties. These multiple mechanisms make LL-37 valuable for treating chronic infections, particularly biofilm-associated infections, wound healing, and addressing certain inflammatory conditions.