Longevity•Clinical Trials

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide. It penetrates the cell membrane and concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it restores bioenergetics and reduces oxidative stress.

Mechanism of Action

It binds selectively to cardiolipin, a phospholipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This stabilizes the membrane structure, optimizes the electron transport chain, and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Key Benefits

Restores mitochondrial function
Reduces oxidative stress (ROS)
Improves cellular energy (ATP)
Protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury
Potential anti-aging effects

Research Protocol

Maintenance
4mg daily (SubQ)
Research protocols often use 40mg daily, but anecdotal user reports suggest lower doses (1-4mg) are effective.

Chemical Properties

FormulaC32H49N9O5
Mol. Weight639.8 g/mol

Side Effects & Risks

  • •Injection site irritation
  • •Generally well-tolerated in trials

Amino Acid Sequence

D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2
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