Anti-agingMitochondrialEnergy
SS-31
What is SS-31?
SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide. It penetrates the cell membrane and concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it restores bioenergetics and reduces oxidative stress.
Mechanism of Action
It binds selectively to cardiolipin, a phospholipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This stabilizes the membrane structure, optimizes the electron transport chain, and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Benefits
- Restores mitochondrial function
- Reduces oxidative stress (ROS)
- Improves cellular energy (ATP)
- Protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury
- Potential anti-aging effects
Typical Dosage
- Clinical trials: 40mg daily subcutaneous
- Standard: 5-20mg daily subcutaneous
- Starting: 5mg daily, increase to 10mg by week 3
- Acute: 2mg daily for 2-4 days
- Chronic: 2mg daily for 2-4 weeks
- 8-12 week cycles
Side Effects
- Injection site irritation
- Generally well-tolerated in trials
Negative Interactions
- NOT FDA approved (investigational)
- Research/clinical use only